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家族と結婚の社会科。結婚と家族:概念の区別

家族と結婚社会科。結婚と家族:概念の区別

規律「社会学」

トピックに関する「家族と結婚」

1。 家族は社会の単位です

家族は、結婚や血の関係に基づいて、人々の社会的コミュニティの主要な単位であり、階級、国家、国家よりもはるかに早く発生した最も古い社会制度の1つです。家族の本質は、その機能、構造、およびそのメンバーの役割行動によって決定されます。

家族は、それが実装する機能のために、社会の主要かつ最も重要な制度です。世代の人々が置き換えられ、人が生まれ、人類が続き、主要な社会化と子育てが起こり、最後に、高齢者の世話をするような高貴な機能が実現されます。家族は生命、消費の組織、および経済的経済機能の重要な部分を持っています。

家族構造は、権力の関係を含め、参加者間の関係の全体です。権威主義的な家族は、家族の頭に厳格な従属があり、より頻繁に夫、子供への子供、そして役割の分配がある民主的なタイプの家族には、権力が発生しない民主的なタイプの家族が際立っています。伝統、しかし個人的な資質、配偶者の能力に基づいて、それらは受け入れ決定の平等、義務の自発的な分配によって特徴付けられます。

家族の主な役割関係:夫、妻、母、父、義理の母、義理の母、長男、末っ子など。

2。家族のライフサイクル

家族のライフサイクルはさまざまな基準に従って構築できますが、それらを選択する場合は、これがサイクルであることを考慮に入れる必要があります。つまり、家族イベントの発生と規則性の頻度を反映する必要があります(より正確には、周期的な性質はです。家族の世代が変化したときに発見されましたが、離婚と再婚で核家族に移動すると、出来事の規則性も非常に検出可能です。

親の基準によれば、4つのフェーズのみが際立っています。前後の祖父の段階、生殖と社会化の親子関係、および少なくとも5つの重要な出来事の5つの重要な出来事、結婚と崩壊、長子と最後の子供の誕生、子供の一人の結婚、または孫の誕生。

ライフサイクルの概念は、出生から死までの出来事のシーケンスを記述するためによく使用されますが、そのより正確な意味は、子どもたちの誕生から家から出発まで、生涯を通じて親の段階のシーケンスを指します。彼ら自身の子供たち。人口レベルでは、サイクルは世代から世代へと繰り返されます。一部の人々には子供がいないため、世代間のライフサイクルに参加しません。ライフサイクルは、一般に、親子関係の段階のシーケンスの家族サイクルとして知られています。これは、主に家族のサイズと構造の変動によって決定されます。

家族の段階が、子供の年齢と彼らの生活の状況の変化に関連する出来事や、親家族からの大人の子供の分離に応じて区別される場合、サイクルのより多くのイベントと段階がある可能性があります。いずれにせよ、それらのすべてには、結婚の長さの兆候が伴います。これにより、家族生活の総持続時間と個々の段階の期間を計算できます。家族の変化のこの特徴は、社会学的人口統計でよく使用され、多くの情報が含まれています。たとえば、生殖親の期間を短縮するために、出生率の減少と堅実な1歳の子供に近づくこと、出生前の子育ての段階の減少、結婚の減少を判断できます。

創業から崩壊まで、家族は人口統計分析の主題である一連の段階を経ています。原則として、家族は結婚時に現れます。家族はすべての子供の誕生とともに成長します。最後の子供の誕生から最初の子供が家を出るまで、家族の大きさは一定のままです。子どもの結婚に関連して、家族のサイズは徐々に元のサイズ(2人)に減少します。最初の死と2番目の配偶者の死により、家族のサイクルは終了します。

3。婚前挙動

婚前期間には、結婚に見られるいくつかの有望な問題が現れます。これは「出生怪我」と呼ばれます。知人の場所と状況は、結婚の運命に影響を与えます。お互いの第一印象は、ポジティブ、ネガティブ、アンビバレント(ポジティブとネガティブ)、無関心(無関心)です。求愛期間の期間と内容。結婚提案のイニシエーター(男性、女性、その他の利害関係者);結婚提案の思考時間;結婚の状況。

結婚の肯定的な予後は、婚前歴史の次の要因に関連しています。相互に相互に肯定的な第一印象。仕事と勉強の状況で知り合い。 1〜1。5年の求愛期間。男による結婚提案の現れ。短い(最大2週間)審議後の結婚提案の受け入れ。結婚式のお祝いとの結婚登録の支援

互いの否定的または非反対的な印象としての婚前期間のそのような事実は、結婚の運命に悪影響を及ぼします。短い(最大6か月)または長い(3年以上)求愛期間。家族や友人による選択の不承認。女性側の直接的または間接的なイニシアチブの顕現。強制結婚の決定(たとえば、妊娠の結果として);結婚提案の継続的な熟考。これらの不快または容認できない事実は、カップルが補償する必要があります。自分の性格、行動の特性、行動、行動には積極的な仕事が必要です。これに対処することができない、将来の配偶者は、結婚で直接的または間接的に検出される慢性的な損傷に耐えます。

現代の家族は主に結婚に基づいています。結婚は、男性と女性の間の歴史的に決定された関係の形であり、社会は法的および道徳的および倫理的な用語の両方で、彼らの関係を組織します。結婚は、自然生物学から経済的、法的、倫理的、社会心理学、美学など、人々の間の非常に複雑な関係の範囲です。

結婚の内容は、社会の発展の程度によって決定されます。より原始的な社会的関係があればあるほど、家族婚のより多くの空間は、純粋に生理学的および経済的要因によって占められています。社会が発展すればするほど、結婚における役割は社会心理学的、倫理的、美的、そしてもちろん性的な瞬間によって果たされます。

社会学者は、結婚のための3つの動機を区別しています:愛の結婚、利便性の結婚、パターンの結婚。社会学者は、愛の結婚、利便性の結婚、パターンの結婚という3つの動機を区別しています。結婚における愛の動機はコメントを必要としません。議論が引き起こされたときにパターンの結婚が起こります:「私の仲間はすべて、私がどんなに遅くても家族を始めます。」そのような場合、完全に理解されていない性欲はなく、子供を持ちたいという欲求が支配的です。時には、人は愛の動機が核心にあると信じています。実際、そのような愛は、彼または彼女がいくつかの候補者からより好ましいものを選択しているという事実に帰着します。

他の社会機関と同様に、家族は意識的な行為、文書、契約、社会的認可に基づいています。そして、家族は必然的に特定の価値、理想、規範に基づいて構築されています。

社会機関としての家族には、以前に特定した両方の機能があります。 1つ目は、特定の社会的ニーズの満足度です。人類の再現、個人の社会化、性的関係の規制、特定の経済問題の解決です。これまで、ほとんどの社会では、家族は特に農村地域で最も重要な経済単位です。

2番目のサイン - 家族は、夫、妻、子供、年配の世代、孫などの要素で構成されるシステムです。このシステムは、家族にある程度の個人の自由を制限する特定の機能を与えます。

家族をシステムと見なすと、家族の構造に疑問が生じます。構造に関しては、2つの主要なタイプの家族が際立っています:親族と結婚。関連する家族は、小グループの多数のメンバーの血族関係に基づいています。既婚家族の基礎は、結婚によってつながった数人の人々です。夫と妻は、そのような家族の問題にほとんど影響を与えない他の親relativeとは別に子供と一緒に住んでいます。

関連する家族は、小グループの多数のメンバーの血族関係に基づいています。そのような家族は、親relativeと彼らの配偶者や子供との協会です。そのような家族の中で、少なくとも3世代は同時に同時に同時に同時に同時に同居しています - 祖父と祖母、配偶者と孫。そのような家族の基礎は、夫や妻とその子供たちとともに、兄弟姉妹です。ここでは、既婚男性または既婚女性が主に親の家族に執着されており、その後妻または夫の家族に入ります。人は、彼が生まれた家族との主な義務と責任に拘束されます。したがって、子供を育てる女性は夫に依存していないかもしれませんが、兄弟姉妹に完全に依存しています。つまり、女性の兄弟姉妹は、子供を育てる方法、彼らに与える教育の種類などを決定します。

そのような家族の子供は、コミュニケーションと社会化、より多くの社会的役割の準備のための絶好の機会があります。母親が家族を去ると、彼女の親relativeは彼女の役割を果たすかもしれません。そのような家族では、子どもたちは社会問題からより保護されています。

このタイプの家族は20世紀まで一般的であり、今では非ヨーロッパ文化を持つ社会では一般的です。これらの家族では、人が頭として認識されており、特定の経済的状況はこれ、特に私有財産の制度に関連しています。

7。モダン ファミリー:役割分布

役割分布パラメーターには、2つのコンポーネントが含まれます。1)家族の主なメインと2)主に子供を育てることに関与している人(特に、より多くの時間を費やします)、市民の社会化の性質に大きな影響を与えます。親子関係のモデルと親が使用する教育戦略について。

家族の役割の家父長制の種類は、父の優位性を意味します。母親には子供を育てる機能が与えられます。家族における役割の分布の現代モデルは、意思決定に関連し、若い世代を教育するという観点から、配偶者の平等な権利を提供します。

役割の家父長的分布の特徴である配偶者間の不平等は、親と子供の間の階層的な関係にしばしば関連しています - そのような家族では、子供、親、親の場合、子どもは通常、自分の視点を持つことができません。通常、抑制の上に構築された関係が予想されます。

それどころか、家族の役割の平等主義構造では、異なる傾向がより頻繁に観察されます - 平等としての子どもに対する態度、異議に対する寛容、親との子どもの紛争の奨励。

ロシアの家族における役割の分布の構造は、家父長制のタイプから現代のタイプまでさまざまです。若い世代の代表者は、親の間で家族の力の平等主義的分布と教育プロセスの両方の配偶者の平等な参加を持つ家族でより頻繁に育てられました。 。

8。家族のリーダーシップの問題

3種類のリーダーシップを区別することができ、家族の立場によって決定され、夫と妻の両方が目指しています。

モデル1:平等なパートナー。この分布により、女性は、性別ロールのステレオタイプの高圧の場合でさえ、彼女の指導的地位をあきらめません(たとえば、夫がイスラム教徒であり、伝統的な価値を遵守している場合\ U200B \ U200家族)、そして家族の男性と責任を「共有」しようとします。 「平等なリーダーシップ」の権利の行使は、女性が家族関係の価値を上回ることがある彼女の仕事に高い価値を持つ、男性からの女性の経済的独立の場合に可能です。

パートナーがリーダーシップを求めていますが、お互いを圧倒しないことは、女性の直接的な努力のおかげで、小さな問題にとらわれない関係モデルを考慮して、このタイプの関係により、家族を一緒に保ち、作ることができることが示されています。進捗状況、これには両側である程度の努力が必要です。この状況では、男性は一般的なステレオタイプを放棄しなければなりません。これは常に迅速かつ簡単に発生するとは限りません。

2番目のモデル:「ペアの最初のもの」。男性は常に家族関係のリーダーシップを目指しているという事実にもかかわらず、多くの女性はあらゆる点で家族のリーダーです。男性は静かに、または常に落ち着いてこのチャンピオンシップを与え、2番目のポジションにいることを好みます。

場合によっては、「妻にとってすべてが良い」と確信し、最も快適な家族の条件を彼女に提供しようとし、妻が「家族の稼ぎ手であることに気づき、家族の主要な立場をあきらめる男が家族の主要な立場をあきらめます。 」。

これは家族関係の最も劇的なモデルであり、人は「彼の指導的地位を降伏する」ことを余儀なくされているからです。しかし、これらの関係の劇的な発展の程度は妻の行動戦略に依存し、より穏やかに進むほど、女性が既存の不平等を思い出させ、家族の利益のための彼の仕事と努力に対するより誠実な敬意を思い出させることは少なくなります。 /p>

モデル3:「Just A Wife」、男が家族の頭である。そのような家族では、原則として、男性は妻よりも7〜10歳年上であり、潜在的な利点があります。良い教育、強い性格、または「共通の過去」の形で。

離婚、つまり法的に固定された結婚の別れは、結婚のアンチテーゼであり、その影側です。離婚の問題(離婚の社会学)の社会学的分析は、ある程度、結婚そのもの、主にそのネガティブな側面の分析です。

社会は家族関係の安定性に関心を持っています。これにより、配偶者間の健全な関係が保証され、子どもの育成に有益な効果があり、多くの社会問題(住宅、社会福祉、雇用など)の解決を促進します。その結果、最も一般的な形では、国家と社会は、家族関係の領域における悪化の離婚証拠において見られずには見られません。この観点から、離婚は社会的な悪です。

同時に、離婚は他の視点から見るべきです。それぞれの特定の結婚に関しては、離婚の望ましくないことまたは望ましさの問題を明確に解決することはできません。場合によっては、離婚は社会的悪であるだけでなく、反対に必要です。

結婚は、男性と女性の間の自由で自発的な連合です。結婚の自由は離婚の自由を意味します。離婚の自由は、結婚の自由の裏側であり、個人の自由の不可欠な部分です。

10。離婚の結果

離婚の肥沃度に対する有意な悪影響。場合によっては、離婚後の女性は孤独のままであり、離婚の「閾値」で子供を出産することを控えます。離婚数の増加に伴い、離婚後に再婚したくない人の数が増加しました。

離婚の数の増加は、多くのカップルとその子供たちが、通常は離婚に関連する家族の苦痛を深く経験するように導きます。離婚はすぐに真剣に子供の道徳的状態に影響を与えます。

離婚は、ひとり親家庭の数を増やします。母親と子の間の関係の特定のシステムがそれらに作成され、行動のパターンが形成されます。これは、いくつかの点で、結婚制度に基づいている規範と価値に代わるものです。

離婚は離婚した配偶者に影響を与えます。壊れた習慣と身近な役割の喪失から来る、不安、焦り、焦りの非常に一般的な感覚。

大衆現象として、離婚は、肥沃度の変化と子供を育てることの両方で主に否定的な役割を果たします。第一に、離婚のために、女性の人生の生産的な期間が減少します。第二に、最初の結婚に失敗した場合、最初の出産の時間は非常に遅れている可能性があります(これは医学的な観点からも望ましくありません)。第三に、離婚に先行する家族の不利な関係は、女性の生殖態度にマイナスの影響を与える可能性がありますが、他の場合には、この影響は新しい家族を作り、強化したいという女性の欲求によって中和される可能性があります。

離婚は、子どもの性格の形成の条件を改善し、夫婦の紛争の精神に悪影響を与えるために変化する場合にのみ、良好であると評価されます。家族は、パフォーマンスが低い場合、または親を除く機能のいずれもまったく実行しない場合、生きることができます。子供を育てていることをやめようとすると、家族は死にます。

11。家族と社会階級

ペアの不平等は、いくつかの要因によってトリガーされ、以下を含むことができます。

1)物質的な不平等;

2)年齢の不平等(女性がパートナーより10〜12歳年上の場合);

3)キャリアの不平等;

4)社会起源の不平等と結果として生じる文化の不平等。

社会的不平等の症状は、家族の「部外者」が突然稼ぎ手と指導者に変わり、文化的指導者が突然彼の利点を失うと増幅されます。

参照のリスト

カピトノフE.A. 20世紀の社会学 - ロストフオンドン:フェニックス、2006年。

Smelser N. Sociology。 -M.、思考、2000。

社会学。講義コース。 / ed。南。 Volkova。 -Rostov-on-don:Phoenix、2006。

トシェンコZH。 T.社会学。一般コース。 -M.、Prometheus、2004。

ソース:
アブストラクトの最大の銀行
トピックに関する「社会学」の分野では、「家族と結婚」1。家族は社会の単位です。家族は、結婚や血の関係に基づいた人々の社会的コミュニティの主要な単位です。
http://www.0zd.ru/sociologiya_i_obshhestvoznanie/semya_i_brak.html

家族と結婚

3.14。家族と結婚

家族   - これは、結婚と血族関係に基づいた小さな社会的グループであり、そのメンバーは一般的な生活、相互支援、道徳的および法的責任によってつながっています。家族は、夫と妻、親と子供の間の関係のシステムです。社会機関として、家族は州や他の社会制度と対話します。社会学は、2つの主要な立場から家族を考慮しています:小さな社会的グループ; 社会機関として。

1。どのように小さな社会的グループ   - 研究の主題は、家族内関係(配偶者、親と子供の間、他の家族間の関係)です。

2。どのように社会機関   - 家族と国家(社会)の関係、および家族の社会的機能に重点が置かれています。

より広範な概念と社会的現象である家族には、原則として、結婚の制度が含まれています。しかし、結婚と家族が自分自身で存在する場合がある場合があります。家族のこのような婚外関係は、通常市民結婚と呼ばれます。

家族   - 単一の社会的コミュニティ、その完全性は、性別、社会的機能、役割の相補性によって確保されます。

家族の社会的地位   - 社会の社会的地位の種類の1つであり、家族構造だけでなく、社会の一般的な構造においても個人の場所を決定します。家族の地位は次のとおりです。婚status状況(妻、夫);親(母、父);子供(息子、娘、兄弟、姉妹);世代間(祖父、祖母、孫、孫娘など)。

家族の社会的役割   - 占領された家族の状態による規定の予想行動。

家族の社会的機能

* 生殖   - 子供の誕生、生物種の再現。この機能のおかげで、家族はそれ自体を再現するだけでなく、社会の新しいメンバーによる退屈な世代の交代を保証します。

* 実存   - メンバーを思いやりと保護し、社会的および心理的安全性を確保する機能。

* 経済   および家庭   - 材料の共同生産とその流通、家族の同居の組織、およびその身体的健康と幸福の維持。

* 主要な社会的統制機能   - さまざまな生活の領域における家族の行動の道徳的および社会的規制

* レクリエーション - 人間の身体的、道徳的、精神的な力を回復し、強化する機能。

* ソーシャルステータス   - 社会の社会構造の再現。家族の新しい社会的地位(「夫」、「妻」、「父」、「母」など)を取得することにより、個人は社会構造の前任者(親)の地位を置き換え、それによって社会構造を再現します。

* レジャー   - すべての家族の合理的なレジャーの組織。

* hedonistic   (ギリシャ語から - 喜び)は、相互の喜び、喜び、愛、幸福などの機能です。

結婚   -1)男性と女性の間の歴史的に確立された社会的に規制された関係、家族組織における相互の権利と義務を確立する。 2)家族と国家の間のすべての家族間の関係を管理する規制機関。

* グループ結婚   - 複数の男性と女性の結婚連合(原始社会の発展の初期段階の最も特徴);

* 一夫多妻の結婚   - ある配偶者といくつかの配偶者と結婚。一夫多妻制には2つのタイプがあります。一夫多妻制 - 何人かの女性との1人の男性の結婚。一夫多妻 - 1人の女性と数人の男性(南東インド、チベット、セイロン、ニュージーランド、ハワイ);

* 一夫一婦の結婚   - 一人の男性と一人の女性と結婚。そのような結婚は、キリスト教世界と、法的な男女平等が存在する民主的な国々の最も特徴です。しかし、そのような結婚は一夫多妻よりも5倍少ないです;

* 結婚   - 男性と女性の間の平等な結婚。これは、家父長制から家父長制への移行中に起こった(野barな時代);

* 外国人結婚   - 特定の社会コミュニティ内での結婚を禁止する習慣に基づいています。たとえば、氏族、フラトリー、コミュニティ内。そのような結婚は、特定の兄弟グループの外で結婚関係の創造を前提としています;

* 内婚   - 特定の社会的コミュニティ内の結婚の習慣に基づく - 部族、カースト、国家、宗派など。

愛の結婚、利便性の結婚、聖なる結婚、王朝の結婚、市民結婚、結婚、誘ductionとの結婚、不平等な結婚、再婚など、そのような結婚もあります。

結婚の社会的特徴

- 社会的承認と合法的な登録互いや子供、および子どもたちに関連する配偶者の権利と義務の法的登録

- 社会の男性と女性の性的関係の規制;

- 配偶者間、およびすべての家族間の経済関係と家庭関係の規制。

- 家族と国家との関係の規制;

- 各家族の社会的地位の法的登録。たとえば、結婚を登録することにより、人はすぐに「妻」または「夫」、「共同所有者」、および /または特定の物質的価値の「相続人」のステータスを獲得します。

1。家族組織における支配の基準によると:

- マトリアチャルファミリー   - 女性が家族を支配します。血統は女性のラインにあります。

- 家父長制   - 家族での支配的な役割は、男性の所有者によって演じられます。そのような家族の女性は、原則として、彼女の夫の財産でもあります。血統は男性のラインにあります。

- 平等主義の家族   - 交換可能な社会的役割と配偶者の平等な権力関係。

2。家族構造の複雑さに応じて:

- 拡張家族   - いくつかの世代の親relative(祖父母 - 祖父、祖母、両親 - 母、父、子供 - 息子、娘など)の代表を含む複雑な家族。

- 核家族   - 親と子供の2つの世代で構成されています。

3.家族の子供の数に応じて:小さな子供(1-2の子供)。中程度の子供(3〜4人の子供);大家族(5人以上の子供);子供のいない(子供を望んでいない、または子供を持つことができない結婚したカップル);不完全(子供がいる家族ですが、片方または両方の親がいない)。

現在の社会の状態の最も特徴は、2つの主要な家族の家族です。家父長制   および平等主義

家父長制の家族の兆候

個人に対する家族全体の(一族)関心の優先順位。

結婚の主な基準は、若者の個人的な選択ではなく、家父長制の家族の経済的およびその他の利益です。

原則として、複雑な社会的構成には、妻、子供、その他の親relativeを持つ数世代の男性が含まれています。

大家族。自然生産モードに多数の子供を持つことは経済的に有利です。

生殖サイクルにおける個々の介入の禁止(妊娠の予防と終了)。

弱い社会的および地理的機動性。子どもたちは両親の社会的地位と役割を学び、継承し、家族にとどまります。

すべての家族の財産は集合的に所有され、男性ラインを通じて継承されています。

伝統的な家父長制の家族では、すべての関係は、配偶者や他の家族の個々の特性と好みを考慮していない習慣や伝統に基づいて構築されています。

平等主義の家族の兆候

家族に対する個々の利益の優先順位(ジェネリック)。

結婚の主な基準は、夫婦自身の個人的な選択です。

原則として、親と子供の単純な2世代の社会構造。

小型。子どもの社会化期間の延長と、維持、育成、教育のコストの増加、および他の非家族活動で自分自身を実現したいという配偶​​者の欲求、生殖の動機を弱めること。

個々の出生率計画。

集中的な社会的および地理的モビリティ。各家族(家族全体と同様)は、活動の種類と居住地を繰り返し変更できます。

家族財産の所有権と相続における法的平等。

現代の家族の危機の主な兆候

- 小規模で子供のいない家族。結婚、創造性、その他の非家族活動で自分自身を実現したいという遅い結婚と配偶者の欲求は、彼らが出産し、子供を育てるのに十分な時間を費やすことを許しません。配偶者の個人的なエゴイズムは、種類の保存と複製の自然な感情を克服します。

- 結婚の削減。結婚したことがない人の総数の増加

- 離婚数の増加。民主社会では、離婚は個人の自由の属性の1つです。

- ひとり親家庭の数の増加。離婚の数と違法な出産の数の増加は、ひとり親家庭の成長につながります。

- 孤児数、ストリートやストリートの子供の数の増加。家族の危機、婚外出産は、労働中の女性が子供を捨てるという事実につながります。他の親は、(何らかの理由で)親の責任を果たすことができないという事実のために、親の権利を奪われています。

- 孤児院、ホームレス、怠慢、家族の制度の危機の結果として、次の段階では、この危機の原因の1つになります。原則として、家族の外や機能不全の家族で育った大人の子供は、自分で本格的な家族を作ることができません。

- 父方の教育的役割の減少。離婚数の増加と子供の違法な出産は、ひとり親家族の数の増加につながります。そのような家族では、父方の教育は事実上欠席しています。母親の家族で育った子どもたちは、母親の教育のステレオタイプを採用し、子供の教育に移します。現代の家族の危機は、いくつかの民主的な国におけるいわゆる同性の準ファミリーの出現と法的登録の事実によっても証明されています。一緒に。

家族の価値の国家認識、将来の世代の社会的発展と教育におけるその役割は、ロシア連邦憲法に定められています。物質的な内容、社会的および法的保護、育成、子どもの教育に対する主な義務は、家族と国家です。次の連邦プログラムが開発され、実施されています:

1.サブプログラムを含む2007年から2010年の連邦ターゲットプログラム「ロシアの子供」の概念:「健康な世代」、「才能のある子供」、「子供と家族」。

2。2006年から2015年の期間のロシアの人口統計開発プログラム

3。2007年1月1日から2016年12月31日まで、子どもを育てるロシアの家族に対する国家支援の一形態が提供されます-Maternal(Family)Capital。

4. State support program for large families in the Russian Federation for 2008–2015.

5. National charity program "Support to the family and the child for 2012-2017."

6. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 2012 No. 761 "On the National Strategy of Actions for Children for 2012-2017."

7. On May 24, 2013 in Moscow the Constituent Congress of the All-Russian Public Organization “National Parent Association for Social Support of the Family and the Protection of Family Values” was held.

  Traditional marriage
  - regulated by society (including the state) family relationship between two people who have reached marriageable age, generating their rights and obligations in relation to each other and to children.  Church marriage
  - Church-sanctified marriage. In many countries it has legal force, in some it is the only legal form of marriage. Other states (including Russia) do not currently recognize the legal validity of church marriage, so priests recommend that they register with the registry office before concluding it. In Orthodoxy and Catholicism, marriage is one of the sacraments - the Wedding. Civil marriage
  - marriage, issued by the relevant state authorities without the participation of the church. In Russia, the only possible type of marriage. Also, “civil marriage” is often mistakenly called cohabitation.  Morganatic marriage
  - a kind of mesalliance, as a result of which a person of a lower social position does not increase it. Currently, this concept is preserved in dynastic regulations and laws of a number of countries.  Temporary marriage
  - In some countries, legislation recognizes its legal force. Duration is determined by agreement of the parties and is set in the marriage contract. At the same time, the size of the ransom is established, which the husband transfers to his wife in such a marriage. After the expiration of the period for which he was married, marriage and all legal relations between spouses are considered to be terminated. A peculiar form of prostitution.  Marriage of convenience
  - This is a marriage, not concluded for reasons of relationship, family or love. Instead, such an alliance is created for personal gain or other types of strategic goals, such as political marriage, for example. The phrase is borrowed from the French mariage de convenance    - rejection marriage.  Actual marriage
(unregistered marriage)
  - relations between partners in cohabitation (cohabitation), not executed in the manner prescribed by law as marriage.  Fictitious marriage
  - This is the legal registration of a marriage without the intention of creating a family, but with other goals, for example, obtaining citizenship, benefits from state or municipal services.  Group marriage
  - the oldest form of marriage, in which all men of one blood related group (clan, phratry, etc.) could have marital relations with all women of another of the same group.  Same-sex marriage
  - Regulated by society (including the state), the constant relationship of a homosexual couple, usually based on personal feelings and sexual relations, aimed at supporting the family.

Marriages in Russia

In the USSR, marriage is a voluntary union of a man and a woman in which spouses are completely equal. In the USSR, only marriage concluded in state bodies for the registration of acts of civil status (registry offices), as well as marriage committed in religious rites before the formation or restoration of the Soviet registry office bodies, is recognized. Until 1944, the so-called actual marriage (registered).

According to the Family Code of the Russian Federation, the following legally significant signs of marriage are distinguished.

  • Marriage is a voluntary union. For the conclusion of a marriage, the free and voluntarily expressed mutual consent of the persons entering into the marriage is necessary.
  • Marriage is an equal union, which implies the existence of equal rights and duties for each of the spouses in the marriage.
  • Marriage is a union concluded in compliance with certain rules established by law. Properly registered marriages are evidence of citizens joining the marriage community, which the state takes under its protection.

The condition for marriage is:

  • voluntary consent of persons wishing to enter into marriage;
  • the attainment by persons wishing to conclude a marriage of marriageable age (as a general rule, eighteen years old, but it is possible to conclude a marriage between the ages of 16 and 18 years, subject to the consent of local authorities, and the age may be reduced if the subject of the Russian Federation accepts the law on reducing marriageable age, the family law of the Russian Federation does not establish a limit to which marriageable age can be reduced, therefore, each subject has his own legal acts in this regard)

In Russia, marriage is not allowed:

  • if one of the persons is already in a registered marriage;
  • between close relatives;
  • between adoptive parents and adopted;
  • if at least one person is declared legally incompetent by a court because of a mental disorder;
  • between persons of the same sex.


DivorceDivorce - the formal termination (termination) of a valid marriage between living spouses. The recognition of marriage as null and void due to the death of one of the spouses should be distinguished from divorce.

In secular states, to which Russia belongs, as well as in a number of denominations, dissolution of the marriage union (divorce) is allowed - on various grounds. In Russia, with the consent of both spouses who do not have common children, divorce is possible in the registry office. If one of the spouses is against divorce, as well as in the presence of common minor children (even with the mutual consent of the divorced), the divorce is made through the court. To protect the rights of children if the wife is expecting a child, the husband is not entitled without her consent even to file a lawsuit for divorce.

In different religious systems, the procedure for divorce can be either much more complicated than in the Russian Federation, or much simpler. Say, the dissolution of a Catholic marriage is almost impossible, and in Muslim law, for a husband to divorce, it is enough to pronounce a special phrase. Nevertheless, even this simplicity is limited by other institutions.

In Russia, just over 1 million couples annually get married, while about 700 thousand families file for divorce.

Social Studies. Full course of preparation for the Unified State Examination Shemakhanova Irina Albertovna

3.14. Family and marriage

3.14. Family and marriage

A family   - This is a small social group based on marriage and consanguinity, whose members are connected by common life, mutual assistance, moral and legal responsibility. The family is a system of relations between husband and wife, parents and children. As a social institution, the family interacts with the state and other social institutions. Sociology considers the family from two main positions:as small social group; as social institution.

1. How small social group   - the subject of the study is intra-family relations (relations between spouses, between parents and children, between other family members).

2. How social institution   - The emphasis is on the relationship between the family and the state (society), as well as the social functions of the family.

The family, a broader concept and social phenomenon, includes, as a rule, the institution of marriage. However, there may be cases when marriage and family exist as if by themselves. Such extramarital relations in the family are usually called civil marriage.

A family   - a single social community, the integrity of which is ensured by the complementarity of the sexes, social functions and roles.

Family Social Status   - one of the types of social statuses in society and determines the individual’s place not only in the family structure, but also in the general structure of society. Family statuses are divided into:marital status (wife, husband); parental (mother, father); children (son, daughter, brother, sister); intergenerational (grandfather, grandmother, grandson, granddaughter, etc.).

Family social role   - Prescribed and expected behavior due to the occupied family status.

Social functions of the family

* Reproductive   - birth of children, reproduction of a biological species. Thanks to this function, the family not only reproduces itself, but also ensures the replacement of outgoing generations by new members of society.

* Socialization of personality

* Existential   - The function of caring and protecting their members, ensuring their social and psychological safety.

* Economic   and household   - the joint production of material goods and their distribution, the organization of cohabitation of family members and the maintenance of their physical health and well-being.

* Primary social control function   - moral and social regulation of the behavior of family members in various spheres of life.

* Recreational - the function of restoring and strengthening the physical, moral and spiritual forces of man.

* Social status   - reproduction of the social structure of society. By acquiring new social statuses in the family (“husband”, “wife”, “father”, “mother”, etc.), the individual replaces the statuses of his predecessors (parents) in the social structure and thereby reproduces the social structure 。

* Leisure   - Organization of rational leisure for all family members.

* Hedonistic   (from Greek - pleasure) is a function of mutual pleasure, pleasure, love, happiness, etc.

Marriage   - 1) historically established, socially regulated relations between men and women, establishing their mutual rights and obligations in a family organization; 2) the regulatory institution governing relations between all family members, between the family and the state.

Types of marriage

* group marriage   - the marriage union of several men and women (most characteristic of the early stages of development of primitive society);

* polygamous marriage   - marriage of one spouse with several. Polygamy can be of two types:polygyny - the marriage of one man with several women; polyandry - the marriage of one woman with several men (Southeast India, Tibet, Ceylon, New Zealand, Hawaii);

* monogamous marriage   - the marriage of one man with one woman. Such marriages are most characteristic of the Christian world and for democratic countries in which legal gender equality exists. But such marriages are 5 times less likely than polygamous;

* pair marriage   - equal marriage between a man and a woman, which took place during the transition from matriarchy to patriarchy (period of barbarism);

* exogamous marriages   - based on customs prohibiting marriages within a particular social community, for example, within a clan, phratry, community. Such marriages presuppose the creation of a marital relationship outside a given sibling group;

* endogamous marriages   - based on the customs of marriage within a particular social community - a tribe, caste, nation, denomination, etc.

There are also such varieties of marriage, such as:love marriage, marriage of convenience, holy marriage, dynastic marriage, civil marriage, purchased marriage, marriage with abduction, unequal marriage, remarriage and others.

Social features of marriage

- social approval and legal registration of the rights and obligations of spouses in relation to each other and to children, as well as children to their parents;

- regulation of sexual relations between men and women in society;

- regulation of economic and household relations between spouses, as well as between all family members;

- regulation of relations between the family and the state;

- legal registration of the social status of each family member. For example, by registering a marriage, a person immediately acquires the status of “wife” or “husband”, “co-owner” and / or “heir” of certain material values \u200b\u200b(state).

Family typology

1. According to the criteria of dominance in a family organization:

Matriarchal family   - Women dominate the family. The pedigree is on the female line.

Patriarchal family   - the dominant role in the family is played by the male owner. A woman in such a family, as a rule, is also the property of her husband. The pedigree is on the male line.

Egalitarian family   - equal power relations of spouses with interchangeable social roles.

2. Depending on the complexity of the family structure:

extended family   - a complex family, including representatives of several generations of relatives (grandparents - grandfather, grandmother, parents - mother, father, children - son, daughter, etc.).

Nuclear family   - consisting of two generations - parents and children.

3. Depending on the number of children in the family:small children (1-2 children); medium children (3-4 children); large families (5 or more children); childless (married couples who do not want or are not able to have children); incomplete (families with children, but without one or both parents).

The most characteristic of the current state of society are two main types of families:patriarchal   and egalitarian

Signs of a patriarchal family

The priority of family-wide (clan) interests over individual.

The main criterion for marriage is not the personal choice of the young, but the economic and other interests of the patriarchal family.

The complex social composition, as a rule, includes several generations of men with wives, children and other relatives.

Large families. Having a large number of children in a natural production mode is economically advantageous.

Prohibition of individual intervention in the reproductive cycle (prevention and termination of pregnancy).

Weak social and geographical mobility. Children learn and inherit the social statuses and roles of their parents and remain in the family.

All family property is collectively owned and inherited through the male line.

In a traditional patriarchal family, all relations are built on the basis of customs and traditions that do not take into account the individual characteristics and preferences of spouses and other family members.

Signs of an egalitarian family

The priority of individual interests over the family (generic).

The main criterion for marriage is the personal choice of the couple themselves.

A simple two-generation social structure consisting, as a rule, of parents and children.

小型。 The lengthening of the period of socialization of children and the increase in the costs of their maintenance, upbringing and education, as well as the desire of spouses to realize themselves in other non-family activities, weakening reproductive motivation.

Individual fertility planning.

Intensive social and geographical mobility. Each family member (like the family as a whole) can choose and repeatedly change the type of activity and place of residence.

Legal equality in the ownership and inheritance of family property.

The main signs of the crisis of the modern family

- Late marriages.

- Small and childless families. Late marriages and the desire of spouses to realize themselves in business, creativity and other non-family activities does not allow them to devote a sufficient amount of time to giving birth and raising children. The personal egoism of the spouses overcomes the natural feelings of preservation and reproduction of a kind.

- Reduction of marriage. An increase in the total number of people who have never married.

- Increase in the number of divorces. In a democratic society, divorce is one of the attributes of personal freedom.

- An increase in the number of single-parent families. An increase in the number of divorces and illegitimate births leads to the growth of single-parent families.

- An increase in the number of orphans, as well as street and street children. The crisis of the family, extramarital birth leads to the fact that women in labor abandon their children; other parents are deprived of parental rights due to the fact that they are not able (for one reason or another) to fulfill their parental responsibilities.

- Orphanage, homelessness and neglect, as a consequence of the crisis of the institution of the family, at the next stage become one of the causes of this crisis. Adult children who have grown up outside the family or in a dysfunctional family, as a rule, are not able to create a full-fledged family themselves.

- Decrease in the paternal educational role. The increase in the number of divorces and the illegitimate birth of children lead to an increase in the number of single parent families. In such families, paternal education is virtually absent. Children raised in maternal families adopt stereotypes of maternal education and transfer them to the education of their children. The crisis of the modern family is also evidenced by the facts of the emergence and legal registration of the so-called same-sex quasi-families in some democratic countries, which, because of the same-sex "marriage" partners, cannot have children together.

State recognition of the value of the family, its role in social development and education of future generations is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The main obligations for material content, social and legal protection, upbringing, education of children are the family and the state. The following federal programs have been developed and are being implemented:

1. The concept of the federal target program “Children of Russia” for 2007–2010, including subprograms:“Healthy Generation”, “Gifted Children” and “Children and Family”.

2. The national program of demographic development of Russia for the period 2006–2015.

3. From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016, a form of state support for Russian families raising children is provided - maternal (family) capital.

4. State support program for large families in the Russian Federation for 2008–2015.

5. National charity program "Support to the family and the child for 2012-2017."

6. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 2012 No. 761 "On the National Strategy of Actions for Children for 2012-2017."

7. On May 24, 2013 in Moscow the Constituent Congress of the All-Russian Public Organization “National Parent Association for Social Support of the Family and the Protection of Family Values” was held.

     From the book The Big Book of Aphorisms   the author

Marriage See also “Marriage and Marriage,” “Husbands and Wives,” “Divorce,” “Wedding,” “Bachelors.” Marriage is the continuation of love by other means. Gennady Malkin In love they lose their minds, they notice a loss in marriage. Moses Safir Marriage for love we call marriage, in which

   From the book Women Can Do Anything:Aphorisms   the author    Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Marriage of the BRIDE In our time, you can’t live with a man for six months, so that you will not be declared a bride. Brigitte Bardot Bride - these are one rights and no duties; a wife is one duty and no rights. Vladimir Mass and Mikhail Chervinsky The bride is a woman whom

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PAYMENT MARRIAGE, LOVE MARRIAGE Love marriage is a marriage in which a wealthy man marries a beautiful and rich girl. Pierre Bonnard Literate people can get married by declaration, and illiterate only by love. Don Aminado Marriage for Love? Well can it be

   From the book Woman. Textbook for Men [Second Edition]   the author    Novoselov Oleg Olegovich

   From the book Jurisprudence:Cheat Sheet   the author    author unknown

   From the book Life Guide:Unwritten Laws, Unexpected Advice, Good Phrases made in USA   the author    Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Marriage A man who loves a woman very much, asks her to marry him - that is, change her name, quit her job, give birth and raise his children, wait for him when he comes home from work, move with him to another city when he changes work. Hard

   From the book Encyclopedia of the author's lawyer

Marriage MARRIAGE is a properly executed voluntary and equal union of a man and a woman, concluded with the aim of creating a family. There are three main theories that explain the nature of B.:B. as a sacrament, contract theory and B. as a specific legal institution. Each Marriage 1. Matrimonial relations legally registered. 2. Spoiled, substandard, flawed production items. The neighborhood of these two concepts looks somewhat anecdotal, however, the realities of being allow us to perceive it as a natural connection between the two sides.

   From the book Murphy's Complete Laws   by Bloch Arthur

Marriage - naked facts and truths - this contract will cost you dearly ... Conversations are a cheap thing. Wedding rings - no. WESTERN MARRIAGE marriage is much easier to enter than to get out of it. CHANCE FOR MARRIAGE1. A single 30-year-old woman has only a 20 percent chance of getting married. 2. At

   From the book Woman. Manual for men   the author    Novoselov Oleg Olegovich

   From the book Woman. A textbook for men.   the author    Novoselov Oleg Olegovich

5.3 Marriage - Nowadays, men are afraid of marriage. - Yes, you know, before marriage I did not know what fear is. The conversation of two modern men A good deal marriage will not be called. Male Pun Forming a family, a man and a woman enter into a relationship. This relationship

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Family See also “Marriage”, “Relatives” Happiness is when you have a big, friendly, caring, loving family in another city. George Burns * Family - a group of people who are connected by blood bonds and quarrel money issues. Etienne Rey * It's hard to feed your own at the same time

   From the book The Big Book of Aphorisms about Love   the author    Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Marriage is ... Marriage is a community of men and women, a community of all life, communication in divine and human law.? Digest of Justinian, a set of Roman law (VI century.) Marriage - not cohabitation, but consent.? Ulpian, Roman lawyer (c. 170 - 228) Marriage - the promise of happiness and acceptance

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Marriage for love, marriage for convenience Marrying is interesting only for love; to marry a girl just because she is cute is like buying an unnecessary thing in the market just because she is good.? Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (XIX century). To marry without love as well.

Epigraph to the lesson:

It’s not difficult to marry, it’s hard to be married. ( Unamuno)

Happy is he who is happy at home. ( L. Tolstoy)

  • To show the role of law in the regulation of family and marriage relations
  • To clarify the influence of the family on the development of the individual and society, the role and importance of the family in modern society.
  • Create psychological prerequisites for a responsible attitude towards future family life

Key concepts:

  • a family,
  • marriage,
  • Family code,
  • age of marriage
  • nuclear family,
  • extended family.

Equipment:

  • computer and projector;
  • Family law;
  • Textbook Social Studies L.N. Bogolyubov. Grade 10
  • Internet resources:
  • http://koi.www.uic.tula.ru/school/ob/pusk.html

During the presentation lesson, the new material is presented in the form of a series of slides with text, tables, allowing the teacher to organize a discussion of the proposed questions on the slides

The entire presentation consists of 20 slides. During the lesson, the necessary material is gradually displayed on the screen, and the main issues of this topic are considered.

Students should know:

  • The main aspects of family life are regulated by law and the Family Code of the Russian Federation
  • The family is protected by the state, as well as motherhood, fatherhood and childhood.
  • Any form of restricting the rights of citizens at marriage and in family relationships is prohibited

Students should understand what:

  • A family
  • Marriage Conditions

Students should be able to:

  • Explain concepts
  • Reveal the basics of family law
  • Resolve situations in family relationships
  • Express your own point of view

Lesson type:combined with elements of practical exercises

During the classes

Plan

1. What is family and marriage

2. Family Functions

3. Types of families

4. Forms of marriage

5. Marriage

Teacher's introduction

Students are already familiar with the concept of "family." In this regard, the study of a new topic can begin with a conversation

For many centuries, marriage and family are integral elements of the social structure of any society. They are considered fundamental social institutions that ensure the reproduction and sustainability of human society.

There were times when families did not exist. People lived in a primitive herd. Everything was common. And the children too.

But those days are over. The family has existed for thousands of years. And everyone knows that living in a family is better than without a family.

1. What is a family?

  • What is family?
  • Why does a person need a family?
  • Can a person live without a family without experiencing difficulties?

Following the students' suggestions, the word is to the teacher.

Teacher explanation:

  • The family is the primary association of people based on consanguinity, love and mutual responsibility
  • Family - a community of spouses, parents and children

The task :

Answer the question:"Is this a family?"

Enter the result in the table:

Example No. What is the composition of the family What are the grounds for family ties

Slide No. 5-9

1. Evdokia Pavlovna - a widow, lives with her daughter in a hostel of the enterprise in which she works

2. Vladimir and Elena are spouses. They have no children. They live on their own, renting an apartment in the same housing block.

3. Ivan Petrovich is 47 years old. He never married, but a month ago he adopted a three-year-old child.

4. Marina and Sergei Sidorov have two children. They do not have their own angle, and they live with their parents.

5. Tatyana and Oleg met 2 years ago and have been living together for 7 months, renting an apartment together.

A family is a collection of persons connected by a relationship of marriage, kinship or adoption, living together and sharing a common household

Currently, family relations are regulated by the new Family Code of the Russian Federation, effective since 1996, the federal law "On acts of civil status", and the new Civil Code, part 1. The Civil Code regulates the property rights of spouses and the representation of minor children by parents

Slide number 10

Article 1, part 2 of the Family Code:

A marriage concluded only in the bodies of acts of civil registration is recognized.

You can put an equal sign between the concepts family and marriage?

What role does marriage play in creating a family?

Marriage is a legal act providing legal registration of a family. The word "marriage" came from the old Russian word "bracci", that is, to select, choose the good, reject the bad

Marriage is a free and equal union of a man and a wife, concluded in compliance with the order and conditions established by law, aimed at creating a family and generating mutual personal and property rights and obligations between spouses.

Slide №11

Article 10, Part 2 of the Family Code:

The rights and obligations of spouses arise from the date of state registration of marriage in the registry office.

The basis of family life is the love and mutual responsibility of a man and a woman. The harmony of the sexual relations of the spouses is of great importance, but the spiritual and moral connection of the husband and wife is no less important.

2. Family Functions

Slide №12

The functions of the family in society are diverse. We list only the main ones:

  • reproduction of society and regulation of sexual relations
  • education and upbringing of children, their socialization and familiarization with culture
  • economic function-the production of material goods and guardianship of disabled members of society

As you can see, the family has all the primary signs of a social structure, of which the main ones are the ability to reproduce, the division of labor, inheritance and the development of culture. Just as a human body is made up of cells, so society, in fact, is made up of families. And just as a person cannot be healthy, if the cells of his body are sick, so a society with dysfunctional families cannot be healthy.

Slide number 13

  • Assignment:Work with an article of the Family Code.
  • Define the principles of family law.
  • Protection of marriage and family by state and society
  • Equality between a man and a woman
  • Voluntary and sustainability of the marriage as the foundation of the family
    • comprehensive child protection
    • equality of children born out of wedlock, illegitimate and adopted children
    • respect for personality
    • care and mutual assistance between family members
    • family equality of all citizens
    • legality of only civil registry
    • admissibility of only one marriage

Slide №14

3. Family types:

In the history of different peoples, different traditions of family life, types of family took shape. if in modern society is more common Nuclear family - that is, a family of spouses (they are the core of the family, lat. nucleus   means the core) and their children, then in antiquity and now among many peoples was common extended , or a related family, including, in addition to parents and children, relatives of different generations living on the same household.

For those societies where the nuclear family is the predominant type of family life, certain characteristics of demographic processes are also characteristic, namely:relatively late marriage, low birth rates, relatively frequent divorces, and in the second half of the 20th century, statistics more and more often recorded a decrease in the number of officially registered registered marriages and the growth of extramarital births. In social terms, in such countries, as a rule, there is a well-developed system of institutions helping the family:child care facilities, health care, and service enterprises.

Assignment:work in groups.

Each group determines the circle of its family, distributes responsibilities, establishes the principles of its family.

Slide №15

4.Forms of marriage and family.

Each of the considered social institutions - marriage and family - implies the existence of its various forms. So, the dominant form of marriage in the modern world is monogamy   (monogamy) as the marriage of one man with one woman. But there is polygamy   (polygamy), and its most common form is polygyny   (polygamy) as a culturally approved and enshrined form of marriage in Muslim countries.

家族と結婚の社会科。結婚と家族:概念の区別

5. Marriage.

You can love and live without the desire to create a family. Some do so.

Met a man and a woman. We liked each other and decided to "converge." Children are born. Everyone lives happily. But their relationship with the state was not registered. Can this group of people be considered a family? (Yes)

A family is a small group based on marriage or consanguinity, whose members are connected by common life and moral responsibility.

Imagine they have no children. Is it possible in this case to call their union a family?

Deeply believing parents of young people insisted on a wedding in the church. There was no registration with state bodies. Can this couple be called a family? (not)

What role does marriage play in creating a family?

(A marriage is a family union of a man and a woman that infringes on their rights and obligations in relation to each other and to children. If marriage is not concluded, then the legal union of the family union has not taken place. And so many rights and obligations that are regulated by law have not arisen. And this can have legal consequences.)

A brief entry in a notebook

Signs of marriage:

  • Union of man and woman
  • Monogamous Union
  • Free union
  • Equal union
  • The Union registered in the registry office
  • Union that gives rise to legal rights and obligations between spouses

6. Legal basis of family-marriage relations

The central problem of the subtopic is the legal foundations of family and marriage relations. It includes a number of aspects:

  • the procedure and conditions for the conclusion and dissolution of marriage;
  • rights and obligations of spouses;
  • legal relationship of spouses

Work with the Family Code of the Russian Federation

Slide№17-18

The indicated aspects of family life are regulated by the Family Law of the Russian Federation:

Chapter 3 SCRF article 11   The order of marriage

1. Marriage is made in the personal presence of persons entering into marriage, after a month from the date of application to the registry office.

In some cases, the monthly period may be changed, reduced or increased, but not more than 1 month.

Article 12.   Marriage conditions

1. For the conclusion of a marriage, mutual voluntary consent of the man and woman who marry and the achievement of marriageable age are required.

Art. thirteen 。 Age of marriage

1. Marriage age is established from 18 years.

If there are good reasons, at the request of the couple, it can be reduced to 16 years. Good reasons:the pregnancy of the bride, the birth of a child, the draft of the groom in the army.

美術。 14 Circumstances Preventing Marriage

Marriage is not allowed between:

  • Persons of whom at least one person is already in another registered marriage
  • Close relatives
  • Adoptive and adopted
  • Persons of whom at least one person is declared legally incompetent by a court due to a mental disorder

美術。 15. Medical Examination of Marrying Persons

3. If one of the persons entering into marriage hides the presence of a sexually transmitted disease or HIV infection from the other person, the latter has the right to apply to the court with a request to declare the marriage invalid.

A brief entry in a notebook

Slide №19

The validity of the marriage:

  • Must not be married to another
  • Mutual agreement
  • Legal capacity of both parties
  • Should not be close relatives
  • Reaching marital age
  • Must not be adoptive or adopted

Slide №20

The marriage is not valid:

  1. If one of the persons entering into marriage hides the presence of a sexually transmitted disease or HIV infection from the other person
  2. If the marriage is registered without the intention of creating a family.

Assignment:"Family Hearth"

Divided into two subgroups, stand facing each other. The first group plays the role of supporters of a family lifestyle. Their task is to convince their partner that without a family a person cannot be happy and healthy, more often they commit crimes, etc. but to convince his partner of this, not only words are needed, but also serious arguments and arguments, including the example of his family. The second group is supporters of a lonely lifestyle. Their task is to answer all the arguments and arguments of supporters of family bonds to defend their point of view. Time - 3 minutes to prepare.

The final part of the lesson. Summarizing on the topic.

D / S 18. answer the questions on page

Literature:

  1. Social Studies. 10 classes, basic level / edited by L.N. Bogolyubov. -2 ed. - M.:Education, 2007
  2. Social studies. 10 class .:lesson plans for the textbook social studies. Author-compiler-S.N.Stepanko.- Volgograd:Teacher, 2008
  3. Nikitin.A.F. Fundamentals of state and law. 10-11 grade:a manual for general educational institutions.-3rd ed., -M.:Bustard, 2001. Chapter VIII. Family Law. S.265
  4. Lazebnikova A.Yu., Brant M.Yu. Social science lesson in grade 11. The manual on the course "Man and society." - 2nd ed., Moscow:Drofa, 2000
  5. Mikheeva A. R. Marriage, family, parenthood:sociological and demographic aspects:A Textbook. allowance / Novosib. state un-t Novosibirsk, 2001.74 s.
  6. Family Law of the Russian Federation
  7. Constitution of the Russian Federation

“Marriage is a free and equal union of a man and a woman, concluded in compliance with the order and conditions established by law, with the goal of creating a family and generating mutual personal and property rights and obligations between spouses. In the Old Russian lexicon, the word "brachy" meant something to select (choose the good or reject the bad). Hence the ambiguity of the word “marriage” both in family law and in everyday speech (“rejected goods”). There is no such ambiguity in other languages. So, in the Ukrainian, Belorussian, Polish, Czech and other languages \u200b\u200bof the Slavic peoples, the marriage union is defined by the word “sweetheart” (from the ancient Slavic term “sweetheart”, “sweeten”, which means “同意する")。 Based on the provisions of the law and theory, we can distinguish following signs of marriage. First, marriage is a union of a man and a woman. The word union is broader than the word deal or contract. In addition to the distribution of responsibilities in the family (if this is done precisely and definitely in the family), the union of a man and a woman involves a certain spiritual community, their pre-disposition towards each other, and preference for others. Secondly, marriage is a single-marriage union, i.e. An alliance in which only one partner is preferred. Thirdly, marriage is a free union.

Marriage is free and voluntary, as is, in principle, free and divorce. Fourthly, marriage is an equal union. A man and a woman who marry are equal both in terms of personal rights (for last name, place of residence, choice of profession, raising their children), and in relation to property acquired by joint labor during marriage. Fifth, and this sign is mandatory, as is the sixth, marriage is such a union that is registered with the registry office (civil registry offices). Sixth, marriage is a union that gives rise to legal rights and obligations between spouses. This applies to both men and women. If the rights of one of the parties turn out to be violated, then the court will defend them.

To conclude a marriage, it is necessary for marriages to reach the marriageable age established by the legislation of the country. In many societies, there is a ban on closely related marriages. In some countries, there are some other restrictions on marriage. A marriage enjoys the protection and patronage of laws only when it is concluded in compliance with established conditions and entails certain legal consequences in the field of personal and property rights and obligations of spouses in relation to each other and to children. 」

(Based on materials from the SCRF )

21. What is the definition of “marriage” given by the author of the article? On the basis of what did the ambiguity of the definition of “marriage” arise?

24. Provide a text clause indicating areas in which marriage has legal consequences. Write down two conditions for legal marriage that are not named by the author of the text.

Marriage is an equal union of a man and a woman, concluded in compliance with the order and conditions established by law, aimed at creating a family and generating mutual personal and property rights and obligations between spouses.

The ambiguity of the definition arose because in the Old Russian lexicon the word "brachy" meant something to be taken away (choose the good or reject the bad).

The correct answer should include:

    differences between the concepts of “prenuptial agreement, transaction” and “marriage union”. The word “union” is broader than the word “deal” or “contract”, except for the distribution of responsibilities in the family (if this is done precisely and definitely in the family), the union of a man and woman implies a kind of spiritual community, their predisposition to each other, preference over another;

    free marriage:marriage is free and voluntary, as freely divorce.

    Mandatory characteristics of the marriage:1) registration with the registry office and the generation of legal obligations between the parties;

    Argument:the law protects any of the parties from violation of its rights (the law prevents the parties from violating the rights of the other side, the law imposes obligations on each of the parties) and is able to enforce the performance of their duties in marriage.

There are “legal consequences in the field of personal and property rights and obligations of spouses in relation to each other and to children”.

Legal marriage conditions:

    legal capacity of those entering into marriage;

    the person entering into marriage should not be in another registered marriage;

    marriage between adoptive parents and adopted children is not allowed.